| Gene Symbol |
EIF2AK1
|
| Entrez Gene |
27102
|
| Alt Symbol |
HCR, HRI
|
| Species |
Human
|
| Gene Type |
protein-coding
|
| Description |
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1
|
| Other Description |
heme regulated initiation factor 2 alpha kinase|heme sensitive initiation factor 2a kinase|heme-controlled repressor|heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2-alpha kinase|heme-regulated inhibitor|heme-regulated initiation factor 2-alpha kinase|heme-regulated repressor|hemin-sensitive initiation factor 2-alpha kinase
|
| Swissprots |
A8K2R2 Q9NYE0 Q9HC02 Q549K6 Q9P0V6 Q8NBW3 Q9P1J5 Q9P2H8 Q9UHG4 Q9BQI3
|
| Accessions |
AAS00388 EAL23714 EAW55049 EAW55050 EAW55051 Q9BQI3 AB037790 BAA92607 AF085994 AF100784 AAP97223 AF116634 AAF71057 AF147094 AAF66736 AF183414 AAG09683 AF255050 AAF70289 AK075192 BAC11461 AK290327 BAF83016 AK295712 BAG58556 AL136563 CAB66498 AL834494 CAD39152 AM392648 CAL37526 AM393276 CAL38154 BC006524 AAH06524 DC341983 NM_001134335 NP_001127807 NM_014413 NP_055228
|
| Function |
Inhibits protein synthesis at the translation initiation level, in response to various stress conditions, including oxidative stress, heme deficiency, osmotic shock and heat shock. Exerts its function through the phosphorylation of EIF2S1 at 'Ser- 48' and 'Ser-51', thus preventing its recycling. Binds hemin forming a 1:1 complex through a cysteine thiolate and histidine nitrogenous coordination. This binding occurs with moderate affinity, allowing it to sense the heme concentration within the cell. Thanks to this unique heme-sensing capacity, plays a crucial role to shut off protein synthesis during acute heme-deficient conditions. In red blood cells (RBCs), controls hemoglobin synthesis ensuring a coordinated regulation of the synthesis of its heme and globin moieties. Thus plays an essential protective role for RBC survival in anemias of iron deficiency. Similarly, in hepatocytes, involved in heme-mediated translational control of CYP2B and CYP3A and possibly other hepatic P450 cytoc
|
| Subcellular Location |
Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}.
|
| Tissue Specificity |
Expressed predominantly in erythroid cells. At much lower levels, expressed in hepatocytes (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20071449}.
|
| Top Pathways |
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Hepatitis C, Measles, Influenza A, Herpes simplex infection
|