| Gene Symbol |
S100A9
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| Entrez Gene |
6280
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| Alt Symbol |
60B8AG, CAGB, CFAG, CGLB, L1AG, LIAG, MAC387, MIF, MRP14, NIF, P14
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| Species |
Human
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| Gene Type |
protein-coding
|
| Description |
S100 calcium binding protein A9
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| Other Description |
MRP-14|S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B)|calgranulin B|calgranulin-B|calprotectin L1H subunit|leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain|migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14|protein S100-A9
|
| Swissprots |
Q9UCJ1 Q6FGA1 P06702 D3DV36 Q9NYM0
|
| Accessions |
AAA36326 AAF62536 AAF62537 CAA01002 CAA01003 CAA01004 EAW53333 EAW53334 P06702 AF086362 AK311882 BAG34823 BC047681 AAH47681 CR542207 CAG47003 CR542224 CAG47020 M26311 AAA68480 X06233 CAA29579 NM_002965 NP_002956
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| Function |
S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH- oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellula
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| Subcellular Location |
Secreted. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway.
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| Tissue Specificity |
Calprotectin (S100A8/9) is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. Except for inflammatory conditions, the expression is restricted to a specific stage of myeloid differentiation since both proteins are expressed in circulating neutrophils and monocytes but are absent in normal tissue macrophages and lymphocytes. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis and malignant disorders, also expressed in the epidermis. Found in high concentrations at local sites of inflammation or in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. Involved in the formation and deposition of amyloids in the aging prostate known as corpora amylacea inclusions. Strongly up-regulated in many tumors, including gastric, esophageal, colon, pancreatic, bladder, ovarian, thyroid, breast and skin ca
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