| Gene Symbol | SMAD4 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 4089 |
| Alt Symbol | DPC4, JIP, MADH4, MYHRS |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | SMAD family member 4 |
| Other Description | MAD homolog 4|SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 4|deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4|deletion target in pancreatic carcinoma 4|mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4|mothers against decapentaplegic, Drosophila, homolog of, 4 |
| Swissprots | A8K405 Q13485 |
| Accessions | AAC03051 AHA34184 AHA34185 AHA34186 BAB40977 EAW62985 EAW62986 EAW62987 Q13485 AK290770 BAF83459 AU120224 BC002379 AAH02379 BM701399 BX647129 DQ891840 ABM82766 DQ895028 ABM85954 U44378 AAA91041 NM_005359 NP_005350 |
| Function | In muscle physiology, plays a central role in the balance between atrophy and hypertrophy. When recruited by MSTN, promotes atrophy response via phosphorylated SMAD2/4. MSTN decrease causes SMAD4 release and subsequent recruitment by the BMP pathway to promote hypertrophy via phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Acts synergistically with SMAD1 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'-GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (By similarity). Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD |
| Subcellular Location | Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Cytoplasmic in the absence of ligand. Migrates to the nucleus when complexed with R- SMAD. PDPK1 prevents its nuclear translocation in response to TGF- beta. |
| Top Pathways | Wnt signaling pathway, Pancreatic cancer, HTLV-I infection, Colorectal cancer, Chronic myeloid leukemia |