| Gene Symbol | PYCARD |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 29108 |
| Alt Symbol | ASC, CARD5, TMS, TMS-1, TMS1 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | PYD and CARD domain containing |
| Other Description | apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD|caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 5|target of methylation-induced silencing 1 |
| Swissprots | Q9BSZ5 Q9NXJ8 Q96D12 Q9HBD0 Q9ULZ3 |
| Accessions | AAG01187 EAW52148 EAW52149 Q9ULZ3 AB023416 BAA87339 AF184073 AAG01188 AF255794 AAF99665 AF310103 AAG30286 AF384665 AAK63850 AK000211 BAA91012 AK314422 BAG37041 BC004470 AAH04470 BC013569 AAH13569 JF432570 ADZ15787 NM_013258 NP_037390 NM_145182 NP_660183 NM_145183 |
| Function | Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of cell death and is the major constituent of the ASC pyroptosome which forms upon potassium depletion and rapidly recruits and activates caspase-1. In innate immune response believed to act as an integral adapter in the assembly of the inflammasome which activates caspase-1 leading to processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The function as activating adapter in different types of inflammasomes is mediated by the DA |
| Subcellular Location | Cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrion. Nucleus. Note=Upstream of caspase activation, a redistribution from the cytoplasm to the aggregates occurs. These appear as hollow, perinuclear spherical, ball-like structures. Upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation redistributes to the perinuclear space localizing to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Localized primarily to the nucleus in resting monocytes/macrophages and rapidly redistributed to the cytoplasm upon pathogen infection. Localized to large cytoplasmic aggregate appearing as a speck containing AIM2, PYCARD, CASP8 and bacterial DNA after infection with Francisella tularensis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}. |
| Tissue Specificity | Widely expressed at low levels. Detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung, small intestine, spleen, thymus, colon and at lower levels in placenta, liver and kidney. Very low expression in skeletal muscle, heart and brain. Detected in the leukemia cell lines HL-60 and U-937, but not in Jurkat T- cell lymphoma and Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma. Detected in the melanoma cell line WM35, but not in WM793. Not detected in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells and MOLT-4 lymphocytic leukemia cells. |
| Top Pathways | NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, Pertussis, Influenza A, Salmonella infection |