| Gene Symbol | WIPI1 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 55062 |
| Alt Symbol | ATG18, ATG18A, WIPI49 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1 |
| Other Description | WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1|WD40 repeat protein Interacting with phosphoInositides of 49kDa|WD40 repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides of 49 kDa|WIPI 49 kDa|WIPI-1 alpha|atg18 protein homolog |
| Swissprots | Q9NWF8 Q8IXM5 Q5MNZ9 |
| Accessions | EAW89057 EAW89058 EAW89059 Q5MNZ9 AK000917 BAA91423 AK301830 BAG63275 AY691424 AAV80760 BC039867 AAH39867 DC380076 JF432423 ADZ15640 XM_005257497 XP_005257554 XR_934496 NM_017983 NP_060453 |
| Function | Plays an important role in autophagy and in particular starvation- and calcium-mediated autophagy, as well as in mitophagy. Functions upstream of the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex and LC3, and downstream of the ULK1 and PI3-kinase complexes. Involved in xenophagy of Staphylococcus aureus. Invading S.aureus cells become entrapped in autophagosome-like WIPI1 positive vesicles targeted for lysosomal degradation. Plays also a distinct role in controlling the transcription of melanogenic enzymes and melanosome maturation, a process that is distinct from starvation- induced autophagy. May also regulate the trafficking of proteins involved in the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR) recycling pathway. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15020712, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15602573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20114074, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20484055, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20639694, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21317285, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22829830, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23088497}. |
| Subcellular Location | Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. Endosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle. Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Note=Trans elements of the Golgi and peripheral endosomes. Dynamically cycles through these compartments and is susceptible to conditions that modulate membrane flux. Enriched in clathrin-coated vesicles. Upon starvation-induced autophagy, accumulates at subcellular structures in the cytoplasm: enlarged vesicular and lasso-like structures, and large cup-shaped structures predominantly around the nucleus. Recruitment to autophagic membranes is controlled by MTMR14. Labile microtubules specifically recruit markers of autophagosome formation like WIPI1, whereas mature autophagosomes may bind to stable microtubules. |
| Tissue Specificity | Ubiquitously expressed. Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, testis, pancreas and placenta. Highly expressed in G361, Sk-mel-28, Sk-mel-13, WM852 and WM451 cells. Up-regulated in a variety of tumor tissues. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15602573}. |