| Gene Symbol | PARK2 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 5071 |
| Alt Symbol | AR-JP, LPRS2, PDJ, PRKN |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase |
| Other Description | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin|Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin|parkinson juvenile disease protein 2|parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (parkin) |
| Swissprots | Q8WW07 Q6Q2I6 D3JZW7 Q5VVX4 A3FG77 Q8NI41 Q8NI43 D3K2X0 Q8NI44 O60260 Q5TFV8 A8K975 |
| Accessions | AAK38595 AAR27057 AAS88420 AAS88421 AAS88422 AAU93631 AAU93632 AAY85310 EAW47571 EAW47572 EAW47573 EAW47574 O60260 AB009973 BAA25751 AB245403 BAF43729 AF381282 AAM21457 AF381283 AAM21458 AF381284 AAM21459 AF381286 AAM21461 AK292590 BAF85279 AK294684 BAG57845 BC022014 AAH22014 DB023187 EF375726 ABN46990 GU345837 GU345838 ADB90269 GU345839 ADB90270 GU345840 ADB90271 GU357501 GU357502 GU361466 ADB91978 GU361467 ADB91979 GU361468 ADB91980 GU361469 ADB91981 GU361470 GU361471 HQ447316 ADQ31803 KC357594 AGH62056 KC357595 AGH62057 KC774171 AGP25366 KJ534911 AHW56551 KJ534912 AHW56552 XM_011535863 XP_011534165 XM_011535864 XP_011534166 XM_011535865 XP_011534167 XM_011535866 XP_011534168 XM_011535867 XP_011534169 NM_004562 NP_004553 NM_013987 NP_054642 NM_013988 NP_054643 |
| Function | Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPT5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2 (PubMed:10973942, PubMed:10888878, PubMed:11431533, PubMed:12150907, PubMed:12628165, PubMed:16135753, PubMed:21376232, PubMed:23754282, PubMed:23620051, PubMed:24660806, PubMed:24751536). Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context (PubMed:19229105, PubMed:20889974, PubMed:25621951). Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins such as PARK7: 'Lys-63'- linked polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins are then recognized by HDAC6, leading to their recruitment to aggresomes, followed by degradation (PubMed:17846173, PubM |
| Subcellular Location | Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19229105}. Nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19229105}. Note=Mainly localizes in the cytosol. Co-localizes with SYT11 in neutrites. Co-localizes with SNCAIP in brainstem Lewy bodies. Mitochondrial localization gradually increases with cellular growth. Also relocates to dysfunctional mitochondria that have lost the mitochondrial membrane potential; recruitment to mitochondria is PINK1- dependent. |
| Tissue Specificity | Highly expressed in the brain including the substantia nigra. Expressed in heart, testis and skeletal muscle. Expression is down-regulated or absent in tumor biopsies, and absent in the brain of PARK2 patients. Overexpression protects dopamine neurons from kainate-mediated apoptosis. Found in serum (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19501131}. |
| Top Pathways | Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum |