| Gene Symbol |
TREX1
|
| Entrez Gene |
11277
|
| Alt Symbol |
AGS1, CRV, DRN3, HERNS
|
| Species |
Human
|
| Gene Type |
protein-coding
|
| Description |
three prime repair exonuclease 1
|
| Other Description |
3' repair exonuclease 1|3'-5' exonuclease TREX1|DNase III|deoxyribonuclease III|three-prime repair exonuclease 1
|
| Swissprots |
Q8TEU2 B2RCN9 Q9NSU2 Q9BPW1 Q9Y4X2
|
| Accessions |
AAL82504 CCQ43540 EAW64883 Q9NSU2 AF151105 AAD48774 AJ243797 CAB50866 AK315196 BAG37636 AL137745 BC019863 BC023630 AAH23630 BC160084 AAI60084 BQ933154 BT020052 AAV38855 BT020053 AAV38856 CR457119 CAG33400 DA364183 DA850044 EU832638 ACE87729 EU832715 ACE87047 NM_007248 NP_009179 NM_016381 NP_057465 NM_033629 NP_338599 NM_033627 NM_033628
|
| Function |
Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini. Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity. Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements. Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the IFN-stimulatory DNA (ISD) response and innate immune signaling. Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the processing of aberrant DNA replication intermediates. Inefficiently degrades oxidized DNA, such as that generated upon antimicrobial reactive oxygen production or upon absorption of UV light. During GZMA-mediated cell death, contributes to DNA damage in concert with NME1. NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:103919
|
| Subcellular Location |
Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytosol. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Retained in the cytoplasm through the C-terminal region (By similarity). In response to DNA damage, translocates to the nucleus where it is specifically recruited to replication foci. Translocation to the nucleus also occurs during GZMA-mediated cell death. {ECO:0000250}.
|
| Tissue Specificity |
Detected in thymus, spleen, liver, brain, heart, small intestine and colon. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10393201, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11278605}.
|
| Top Pathways |
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
|