EIF2AK2

Gene Symbol EIF2AK2
Entrez Gene 5610
Alt Symbol EIF2AK1, PKR, PPP1R83, PRKR
Species Human
Gene Type protein-coding
Description eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2
Other Description P1/eIF-2A protein kinase|double stranded RNA activated protein kinase|eIF-2A protein kinase 2|interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase|interferon-inducible elF2alpha kinase|p68 kinase|protein kinase R|protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent|protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 83|tyrosine-protein kinase EIF2AK2
Swissprots A8K3P0 P19525 E9PC80 Q7Z6F6 D6W584 Q9UIR4 Q52M43
Accessions AAC50768 AAF13156 AAO38055 AAY24317 EAX00406 EAX00407 EAX00408 EAX00409 P19525 AF086566 AI360504 AK290655 BAF83344 AK313818 BAG36554 AY302136 AAP57628 BC007769 AAH07769 BC022314 AAH22314 BC040851 AAH40851 BC057805 AAH57805 BC093676 AAH93676 BC101475 AAI01476 BC143228 BC143230 AAI43231 BM473760 BU687340 F03305 M35663 AAA36409 M85294 AAA18253 XM_011532987 XP_011531289 NM_001135651 NP_001129123 NM_001135652 NP_001129124 NM_002759 NP_002750
Function IFN-induced dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection and is also involved in the regulation of signal transduction, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Exerts its antiviral activity on a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles virus (MV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1). Inhibits viral replication via phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1), this phosphorylation impairs the recycling of EIF2S1 between successive rounds of initiation leading to inhibition of translation which eventually results in shutdown of cellular and viral protein synthesis. Also phosphorylates other substrates including p53/TP53, PPP2R5A, DHX9, ILF3, IRS1 and the HHV-1 viral protein US11. In addition to serine/threonine-protein kinase activity, also has tyrosine-protein kinase activity and phosphorylates CDK1 at 'Tyr-4'
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Note=Nuclear localization is elevated in acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), melanoma, breast, colon, prostate and lung cancer patient samples or cell lines as well as neurocytes from advanced Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients.
Tissue Specificity Highly expressed in thymus, spleen and bone marrow compared to non-hematopoietic tissues such as small intestine, liver, or kidney tissues. Colocalizes with GSK3B and TAU in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. Elevated levels seen in breast and colon carcinomas,and which correlates with tumor progression and invasiveness or risk of progression. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21029237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23403623}.
Top Pathways Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Hepatitis C, Measles, Influenza A, Herpes simplex infection

PKR (N216) Antibody - 2766 from Cell Signaling Technology

Prices $246.00
Sizes 100 µl (10 western blots)
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines, using PKR (N216) Antibody.

PKR (D7F7) Rabbit mAb - 12297 from Cell Signaling Technology

Prices $246.00
Sizes 100 µl (10 western blots)
Host Rabbit
Clonality Monoclonal
Clone D7F7
Western blot analysis of extracts from PANC-1, RD, and HeLa cells using PKR (D7F7) Rabbit mAb.

PKR Antibody - 3072 from Cell Signaling Technology

Prices $246.00
Sizes 100 µl (10 western blots)
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, untreated or IFN-alpha/beta-treated (1000 U/ml for 18 hours), and subsequently untreated or calyculin A-treated ( 0.1 µM for 15 minutes), using PKR Antibody.

Phospho-PKR (Thr446) Antibody - 3076 from Cell Signaling Technology

Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, untreated or INF-alpha/beta-treated (1000 U/ml for 18 hours), and subsequently untreated or calyculin A-treated ( 0.1 µM for 15 minutes), using Phospho-PKR (Thr446) Antibody (upper) or PKR Antibody #3072 (lower).

Phospho-PKR (Thr451) Antibody - 3075 from Cell Signaling Technology

Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, untreated or IFN-alpha/beta-treated (1000 U/ml for 18 hours), and subsequently untreated or calyculin A-treated ( 0.1 µM for 15 minutes), using Phospho-PKR (Thr451) Antibody (upper) or PKR Antibody #3072 (lower).

Phospho-PKR (Thr446/451) Antibody - 3071 from Cell Signaling Technology

Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal

PKR (13) - sc-136038 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 50 µg/500 µl
Host Mouse
Clonality Monoclonal
PKR (13): sc-136038. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in A-431 whole cell lysate.

PKR (A-12) - sc-393038 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Mouse
Clonality Monoclonal
PKR (A-12): sc-393038. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in HeLa (A) and BJAB (B) whole cell lysates.

PKR (B-10) - sc-6282 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Mouse
Clonality Monoclonal
PKR (B-10): sc-6282. Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed NIH/3T3 cells showing cytoplasmic localization.

PKR (D-20) - sc-708 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
PKR (D-20): sc-708. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in A-431 (A), HeLa (B) and BJAB (C) whole cell lysates.

PKR (H-78) - sc-366778 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
PKR (H-78): sc-366778. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in A2058 whole cell lysate.

PKR (K-17) - sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
PKR (K-17): sc-707. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in IFN-α-induced Daudi whole cell lysate.

PKR (N-18) - sc-709 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
PKR (N-18): sc-709. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in A-431 (A), HeLa (B) and BJAB (C) whole cell lysates.

PKR (FJ-6) - sc-100378 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $295.00
Sizes 100 µg/ml
Host Mouse
Clonality Monoclonal
PKR (FJ-6): sc-100378. Western blot analysis of PKR expression in A-431 whole cell lysate.

p-PKR (Thr 446) - sc-16565 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Goat
Clonality Polyclonal
p-PKR (Thr 446)-R: sc-16565-R. Western blot analysis of PKR phosphorylation in untreated (A), calyculin A and IFNα treated (B) and calyculin A, IFNα and lambda protein phosphatase treated (C) HeLa whole cell lysates.

p-PKR (Thr 446) - sc-101783 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 100 µg/ml
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
p-PKR (Thr 446): sc-101783. Western blot analysis of phosphorylated PKR expression in K-562 (A) and starved K-562 (B) whole cell lysates.

p-PKR (Thr 451) - sc-16815 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 200 µg/ml
Host Goat
Clonality Polyclonal
p-PKR (Thr 451)-R: sc-16815-R. Western blot analysis of PKR phosphorylation in untreated (A), calyculin A treated (B) and calyclulin A and lambda protein phosphatase treated (C) HeLa whole cell lysates.

p-PKR (Thr 451) - sc-101784 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Prices $279.00
Sizes 100 µg/ml
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
p-PKR (Thr 451): sc-101784. Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue showing cytoplasmic staining.

Anti-PKR (phospho T258) antibody - ab79310 from Abcam

Prices $370.00
Sizes 100 µg
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
ab79310, at 1/50 dilution, staining PKR in human breast carcinoma tissue by Immunohistochemistry in the presence (right) or absence (left) of immunizing peptide. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded section.

Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody - ab131447 from Abcam

Prices $384.00
Sizes 100 µg
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Immunofluorescent analysis of methanol fixed HeLa cells labelling PKR (phospho Thr446) with ab131447 antibody at a dilution of 1/100.

Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody - ab194777 from Abcam

Prices $384.00
Sizes 100 µl
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
All lanes : Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody (ab194777) at 1/500 dilutionLane 1 : K562 cell extract with blocking peptideLane 2 : K562 cell extract

Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody - ab47377 from Abcam

Prices $376.00
Sizes 100 µg
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
All lanes : Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody (ab47377)Lane 1 : Extracts from K562 cells treated with StarvationLane 2 : Untreated extracts from K562 cells

Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody [E120] (HRP) - ab195850 from Abcam

Prices $425.00
Sizes 100 µl
Host Rabbit
Clonality Monoclonal
Clone E120
IHC image of PKR staining in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal human colon*, performed on a Leica BOND. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20mins. The section was then incubated with ab195850, 1/50 dilution, for 15 mins at room temperature. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. The inset negative control image is taken from an identical assay without primary antibody.For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.*Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank, supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.

Anti-PKR (phospho T446) antibody [E120] - ChIP Grade - ab32036 from Abcam

Prices $394.00
Sizes 100 µl
Host Rabbit
Clonality Monoclonal
Clone E120
All lanes : Anti-Estrogen Receptor alpha antibody [E115] - ChIP Grade (ab32063) at 1/1000 dilution (purified)Lane 1 : T47-D cell lysateLane 2 : MCF-7 cell lysateLysates/proteins at 20 µg per lane.SecondaryHRP goat ant-rabbit (H+L) at 1/1000 dilution

Anti-PKR (phospho T451) antibody - ab47770 from Abcam

Prices $376.00
Sizes 100 µg
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
This image shows human colon carcinoma tissue stained with ab47770 at 1/50 dilution. Right hand image:tissue was treated with immunogenic peptide (1µg/ml, left hand image: untreated.
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