| Gene Symbol |
GREM1
|
| Entrez Gene |
26585
|
| Alt Symbol |
C15DUPq, CKTSF1B1, CRAC1, CRCS4, DAND2, DRM, DUP15q, GREMLIN, HMPS, HMPS1, IHG-2, MPSH, PIG2
|
| Species |
Human
|
| Gene Type |
protein-coding
|
| Description |
gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist
|
| Other Description |
DAN domain family member 2|cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein|colorectal adenoma and carcinoma 1|cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1|down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein|gremlin 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog|gremlin 1-like protein|gremlin-1|increased in high glucose-2
|
| Swissprots |
Q8N914 Q52LV3 O60565 Q8N936
|
| Accessions |
AAZ29612 BAA84462 CCQ77676 EAW92267 EAW92268 EAW92269 O60565 AF045800 AAC39725 AF110137 AAF06677 AF154054 AAG23891 AK095741 AK095890 BAC04643 AK095972 BAG53181 AK312265 BAG35196 AL359059 AL359060 AY232290 AAP69985 BC069525 AAH69525 BC093778 AAH93778 BC101611 AAI01612 HQ448400 ADQ32880 W19275 XM_005254301 XP_005254358 XM_006725542 XP_006725605 XM_011548909 XP_011547211 NM_001191322 NP_001178251 NM_001191323 NP_001178252 NM_013372 NP_037504
|
| Function |
Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
|
| Subcellular Location |
Secreted {ECO:0000305}.
|
| Tissue Specificity |
Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Expression is restricted to intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) at the crypt base. In subjects with HMPS1, by contrast, GREM1 is expressed, not only in basal ISEMFs, but also at very high levels in epithelial cells (predominantly colonocytes), with expression extending most of the way up the sides of the crypt. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10894942, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22561515}.
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