| Gene Symbol | ATG3 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 64422 |
| Alt Symbol | APG3, APG3-LIKE, APG3L, PC3-96 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | autophagy related 3 |
| Other Description | 2610016C12Rik|ATG3 autophagy related 3 homolog|autophagy-related protein 3|hApg3|ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 |
| Swissprots | Q6PKC5 Q9H6L9 Q9NT62 |
| Accessions | EAW79668 EAW79669 EAW79670 EAW79671 Q9NT62 AA448974 AB079384 BAB90843 AF202092 AAG35611 AK025778 BAB15237 AK123511 AK307432 AK308919 AL137515 CAB70781 AW408464 BC002830 AAH02830 BC024221 AAH24221 BC043267 DC311625 DQ893424 ABM84350 DQ896774 ABM87773 XM_011513074 XP_011511376 NM_001278712 NP_001265641 NM_022488 NP_071933 |
| Function | E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C-terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). The ATG12- ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8-like proteins from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8-like proteins. The formation of the ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates is essential for autophagy and for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt). Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriola |
| Subcellular Location | Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11825910}. |
| Tissue Specificity | Widely expressed, with a highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11825910}. |
| Top Pathways | Regulation of autophagy |