S100A12
| Gene Symbol | S100A12 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 6283 |
| Alt Symbol | CAAF1, CAGC, CGRP, ENRAGE, MRP-6, MRP6, p6 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | S100 calcium binding protein A12 |
| Other Description | EN-RAGE|S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (calgranulin C)|calcitermin|calcium-binding protein in amniotic fluid 1|calgranulin C|calgranulin-C|extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein|migration inhibitory factor-related protein 6|neutrophil S100 protein|protein S100-A12 |
| Swissprots | P83219 P80511 Q7M4R1 Q5SY66 |
| Accessions | BAA12030 CAB94792 EAW53332 P80511 BC070294 AAH70294 D49549 BAA08497 D83664 BAA12036 HQ257882 ADR82637 X97859 CAA66453 NM_005621 NP_005612 |
| Function | S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases; MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) |
| Subcellular Location | Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811950}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811950}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811950}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811950}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811950}. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway. |
| Tissue Specificity | Predominantly expressed by neutrophils, monocytes and activated macrophages. Expressed by eosinophils and macrophages in asthmatic airways in regions where mast cells accumulate. Found in high concentrations in the serum of patients suffering from various inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and Kawasaki disease. |
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