| Gene Symbol | RARRES2 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 5919 |
| Alt Symbol | HP10433, TIG2 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 2 |
| Other Description | RAR-responsive protein TIG2|chemerin|retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2|tazarotene-induced gene 2 protein |
| Swissprots | Q99969 Q7LE02 |
| Accessions | AAS00384 EAL24473 EAW54120 EAW54121 Q99969 AB015632 BAA76499 AK092804 AK312197 BAG35130 BC000069 AAH00069 BM919890 BX448753 CR541992 CAG46789 CR542026 CAG46823 U77594 AAB47975 NM_002889 NP_002880 |
| Function | Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Its other ligands include G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). Positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and might play a role in angiogenesis, a process essential for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Also acts as a proinflammatory adipokine, causing an increase in secretion of proinflammatory and prodiabetic adipokines, which further impair adipose tissue metabolic function and have negative systemic effects including impaired insulin sensitivity, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and a decrease in vascular function in other tissues. Can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the modality of enzymatic cleavage by different classes of proteases. Acts as a chemotactic facto |
| Subcellular Location | Secreted {ECO:0000305}. |
| Tissue Specificity | Expressed at the highest levels in placenta, liver, and white adipose tissue (WAT), and to a lesser extent in many other tissues such as lung, brown adipose tissue, heart, ovary, kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas. Within WAT, expression is enriched in adipocytes as compared to the stromal vascular fraction. Expression and secretion increases dramatically with adipogenesis. Highly expressed in skin (basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis, hair follicles and endothelial cells). Expression is elevated in numerous metabolic and inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17635925, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17767914, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23527010}. |