| Gene Symbol | DDIT4 |
|---|---|
| Entrez Gene | 54541 |
| Alt Symbol | Dig2, REDD-1, REDD1 |
| Species | Human |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Description | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 |
| Other Description | DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein|HIF-1 responsive protein RTP801|protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 |
| Swissprots | Q9H0S3 Q9NX09 |
| Accessions | EAW54452 EAW54453 Q9NX09 AF335324 AAL38424 AK000507 BAA91214 AL136668 CAB66603 AM392607 CAL37485 AY090097 AAM10442 BC000708 AAH00708 BC007714 AAH07714 BC015236 AAH15236 BE882343 BM843387 CN428398 DQ890984 ABM81910 DQ894159 ABM85085 NM_019058 NP_061931 |
| Function | Regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival via inhibition of the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Inhibition of mTORC1 is mediated by a pathway that involves DDIT4/REDD1, AKT1, the TSC1-TSC2 complex and the GTPase RHEB. Plays an important role in responses to cellular energy levels and cellular stress, including responses to hypoxia and DNA damage. Regulates p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage via its effect on mTORC1 activity. Its role in the response to hypoxia depends on the cell type; it mediates mTORC1 inhibition in fibroblasts and thymocytes, but not in hepatocytes (By similarity). Required for mTORC1-mediated defense against viral protein synthesis and virus replication (By similarity). Inhibits neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth mediated by NGF via its effect on mTORC1 activity. Required for normal neuron migration during embryonic brain development. Plays a role in neuronal cell death. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000 |
| Subcellular Location | Mitochondrion {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12453409}. |
| Tissue Specificity | Broadly expressed, with lowest levels in brain, skeletal muscle and intestine. Up-regulated in substantia nigra neurons from Parkinson disease patients (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11884613, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12453409, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17005863, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17379067}. |
| Top Pathways | PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MicroRNAs in cancer, mTOR signaling pathway |